Discover · Launch

Eight and a half minutes from pad to orbit, and what is happening in each of them.

Format
Interactive story
Published
14 May 2026
Read
8 min

Demo story Written as an example of the format. Real stories will be edited and fact-checked before publication.

Ignition and the first second

The engines light before the vehicle is released. Thrust builds, the flight computer checks that every chamber has reached pressure, and only then do the hold-downs let go. If anything is wrong, the safest place for a fuelled rocket is still on the ground.

Max-Q

About a minute in, the combination of speed and remaining air density puts the greatest aerodynamic load the vehicle will ever see on the structure. Engines are usually throttled back through it, then brought up again once the air thins.

Staging

The first stage has spent its propellant lifting mass that is now dead weight. Separating it is the single largest improvement to the mass ratio available, which is why almost every orbital vehicle does it.

Orbital insertion

The last minutes are almost horizontal. Orbit is a horizontal velocity problem, and the vehicle spends the end of ascent converting the remaining propellant into sideways speed rather than altitude.

More on space