Flies, lives and works on board a crewed spacecraft, after years of training for a seat that is never guaranteed.
The work
Selection is the whole story before the flying starts: thousands of applicants for a handful of places, chosen for a mix of technical background, physical fitness and the ability to work well with a small group of people under real stress for months at a time. Training runs for years before a first flight, and covers systems most astronauts will never personally fail, because the point is knowing exactly what to do if one does. Once assigned, the actual mission is usually a small fraction of a much longer career spent training, supporting other people’s missions, and waiting.
A typical day
- 01Train continuously on systems, procedures and emergencies, most of which you hope never to use
- 02Support other crews’ missions from the ground while waiting for your own assignment
- 03Once assigned, work a flight plan built years in advance, with almost no unstructured time
- 04Represent the programme publicly, which is a real and constant part of the job
How people get in
- Technical or scientific career, then selection
Most astronauts spend a decade or more building a genuinely strong technical, medical or research record before applying at all.
- Military test pilot
A traditional route for pilot-astronaut roles, though agencies now also select mission specialists from research and medical backgrounds.
How it unfolds
- Before selectionA STEM degree, then years building the exact record selection boards look for: advanced degrees, test-pilot hours, operational or research experience.
- SelectionAn application process with a pass rate in the low single digits, run every few years by each agency.
- Candidate trainingOne to two years: systems, spacewalk, robotics, language and survival training, before you are even assignable to a mission.
- Between flightsMost of an astronaut’s career: technical assignments, training other crews, and waiting for a seat.
Is there a job in it
No published projectionAstronauts are civil servants or, increasingly, commercial-crew employees, paid on standard government or company pay scales rather than as a tracked labour-market occupation. The applicant pool numbers in the thousands for single-digit selections most years, and the Handbook has no entry for it at all.
The hard parts
Most people selected will fly rarely, and some who train for years never fly at all, the seats are that scarce. The training is genuinely dangerous in places (high-performance aircraft, water survival, spacewalk simulation in a pool for hours at a time) and the selection process can take years with no guarantee at the end of it. Family life is built around a schedule set by mission assignment, not the other way round.
What you would need
- Systems knowledge across the whole vehicle
- Working well under sustained stress
- Physical fitness
- Teamwork in a small, isolated crew
- Median pay
- Set by federal civil-service pay grade
- Not sourced No published occupation matches this role. See the demand section below.
- Typical education
- Bachelor's in a STEM field, usually with a graduate degree or test-pilot experience
- Routes in
- Degree, Military
- Field
- Space
